Melbourne School of Land and Environment Department of Forest and Ecosystem Science

 
Photo: Greenhouse Project

DSE Research Project 1.4

Restoring Landscapes: soil/plant interactions

1 July 2007 - 30 June 2010
Project Manager: Dr Lauren Bennett

Project Overview
DFES Staff
Partners and Collaborators
Highlights
Current Project Outputs
All Project Outputs
Milestones
Contact
Project Objectives and Background

Broad-scale clearing and conversion of native vegetation have long been recognised as severe threats to Australia’s biodiversity. Large-scale restoration of native forest ecosystems is needed both to prevent further degradation of natural assets and to enhance vital ecosystem services. Strong commitment to restoration is evident in voluntary, landholder-driven organisations, and in substantial government investment in regional natural resource management programs. However, a general lack of scientific data on restoration dynamics and effects has limited the ability of regional bodies to both interpret and report on program outcomes. Project 1.4 addresses this information gap through two sub-projects that focus attention on soil and plant interactions in the context of restored landscapes from both site- and catchment-scale perspectives.

Sub-project A: Public Benefit of Improved Soil Health

This sub-project involves ongoing development of conceptual frameworks for integrating soils into asset-based approaches for natural resource management. Current work involves interpreting the science behind the question – what are the public benefits of improving soil health?

Sub-project B: Soil/Plant Interactions in Biodiversity Plantings

This sub-project will use field- and glasshouse-based experiments to define relationships between plant functional traits (PFT) and underlying soil function. For example, a key question will be which PFT promote soil carbon sequestration (e.g. leguminous versus mycorrhizal shrubs). Longer-term intended impacts are mechanistic models for predicting soil processes and services from PFT in the context of biodiversity plantings.

This project involves ongoing collaboration with the North Central CMA, and Kilter Pty Ltd. In the short- to medium- term it involves sampling of soils and plants across a range of situations, including:
» Biodiversity plantings across a range of conditions (NCCMA);
» Field trials contrasting best practice direct seeding with no action (Kilter)
» Selected glasshouse trials.

In each field situation, soils will be described using a range of physical, nutritional, and biological attributes. These will indicate interactions between revegetation activities and soil condition in revegetation trials and older biodiversity plantings.

Project Objectives:

Short-term objectives (2009/10):

  1. progress a conceptual framework for interpreting the public benefits of improved soil health;
  2. articulate policy-relevant research actions for better understanding of the public benefits derived from improved soil health; and
  3. define relationships between plant functional traits and underlying soil indicators across a range of restoration conditions.

Longer-term objectives (three to five years):

  1. stronger integration of soil-based services in asset investment and decision-making frameworks;
  2. quantification of changes in soil indicators/ processes and plant traits with time since restoration;
  3. incorporation of soil condition/ plant trait relationships in catchment models of ecosystem outcomes associated with restoration of diverse native vegetation;
  4. increased consideration of soil and plant functional traits in assessments of native vegetation quality; and
  5. integration of process-based research plots and manipulation experiments in restoration programs.

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Photo: Forest Restoration

Rehabilitation of abandoned agricultural land

 

Photo: Forest Restoration

Examining the significance of paddock trees as islands for soil microbial diversity

 

Photo: Forest Restoration

Studying the soil seedbank at the Delatite (for rehabilitation of former pine plantation)

 

Photo: Seed bank study

Harvested pine plantations that have been planted and sown with site-native eucalypt species (Delatite, Victoria)

Current DFES Staff and Students

Project funded
Dr Lauren Bennett, Research Fellow - Project Manager
Dr Sabine Kasel, Research Fellow
Externally funded
Mr Himlal Baral, PhD Student
Gregor Sanders, Masters Student
Sonu Singh, Postdoctoral Fellow (Australian Endeavour Research Fellow)
Stephanie Spry, DSE Graduate Program

Project Partners and Collaborators

Project Partners
Department of Sustainability and Environment - Sustainable Landscapes
North Central Catchment Management Authority
Kilter Pty Ltd
Department of Primary Industries - Biosciences Research Division
Landcare

Project Highlights

2009/2010

Sub-project A: A highlight in this quarter was our presentation in the DFES/ DSE seminar series entitled ‘Are there public benefits in changing soil health?’ This attracted an audience of 50 to 60 and generated considerable communication with a range of stakeholders particularly within DSE and DPI. The presentation included a progression of ideas on the public benefits of soil management, and these are currently being incorporated into a new concept paper due for release to DSE stakeholders in about November (ahead of a March 2010 milestone below). In addition, this sub-project has fostered a new development, involving an evaluation by a DSE Graduate Placement (Stephanie Spry) of how soils fit in asset-based frameworks like the Investment Framework for Environmental Resources (INFFER).

Sub-project B: Considerable progress was made on sub-project B in the July-Sept quarter including the establishment of five field sites. These were selected after visits to a large list of potential sites, and met a range of strict criteria including: a biodiversity planting of age at least eight years, and a range of common woody species in good health. Permissions to access these sites have been obtained from landholders, preliminary sampling has been initiated, and intensive sampling will progress in the coming weeks.

2008/2009

Coordination and Presentation of Soil Public Benefits Workshop

This one-day workshop was based on a concept paper collaboratively written by DFES, DPI and DSE staff. The workshop was attended by 20 policy makers and scientists from a range of agencies (DSE, DPI, Universities, VCMC, Landcare), and involved presentations by the paper authors and facilitated group discussions. Key outcomes were agreement on definition of soil system components, on the mechanisms that deliver public benefits from soil management, and on knowledge requirements for progressing soil public benefit concepts.

Publications/ Additional funding/ Research sites for assessing links between restoration activities and soil/ plant processes

We have submitted four manuscripts, outputs of sub-project A, to high-impact journals (all still in review). In addition, sub-project A activities were augmented by a University of Melbourne Early Career Researcher Grant awarded to Sabine Kasel ($40,000 in 2009). This funding allowed the establishment of new research sites in central Victoria, which will complement an experimental restoration site established with Kilter Pty Ltd on the Lower Murray (sampled in July 08 and May 09).

Establishment of a Masters level subject on Forest Landscape Restoration

Stephen Livesley, Lauren Bennett and Sabine Kasel are co-ordinating a Masters level subject on ‘Forest Landscape Restoration’ as part of the ‘Masters of Forest and Ecosystem Science’ at the University of Melbourne. In its first year running the subject attracted 16 students. This subject covers principles and practices of forest restoration from site to landscape scales. Its focus is ecological aspects of forest landscape restoration, although consideration is also given to socio-economic factors that influence restoration programs. The subject includes a 3-day field trip demonstrating innovative solutions to forest restoration problems across north-east and north-central Victoria. (Link to subject details)

Photo: Teaching Forest Landscape Restoration

Seedlings ready for planting at the Delatite for rehabilitation of former pine plantation

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Project Outputs

Project outputs for the year 2009/2010 are shown below. Total outputs for the project can be found here.

Publications

  • Bennett LT, Kasel S, Tibbits J (2009) Woodland trees modulate soil resources and conserve fungal diversity in fragmented landscapes. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 41, 2162–2169(Impact Factor 2008, 2.926)
  • Posch S, Bennett LT (2009) Photosynthesis, photochemistry and antioxidative defence in response to two drought severities and with re-watering in Allocasuarina luehmannii. Plant Biology 11 supplement 1, 83-93 (Impact Factor 2008, 1.944).
  • Volkova L, Tausz M, Bennett LT, Dreyer E (2009) Interactive effects of high irradiance and moderate heat on photosynthesis, pigments, and tocopherol in the tree-fern Dicksonia antarctica. Functional Plant Biology, in press (Impact Factor 2008, 2.248).

Meetings

Sub-project A

  • Meeting 1 (Wed 12 Aug at DSE Nicholson St), project update, Cate Turner & Dugal Wallace (DSE), Lauren Bennett & Sabine Kasel (DFES)
  • Meeting 2 (Wed 12 Aug at DSE Nicholson St), soils and INFFER project definition, Adam Hood & Stephanie Spry (DSE), Lauren Bennett (DFES)
  • Meeting 3 (Wed 2 Sept, phone hook-up), soils and INFFER project development, Stephanie Spry (DSE), Anna Roberts (DPI), Geoff Park (NCCMA), Lauren Bennett (DFES)
  • Meeting 4 (Wed 9 Sept, University Parkville), soil public health paper development, Pauline Mele (DPI), Lauren Bennett (DFES)
    Participation at DSE NR Division, Soil Policy Forum (Thu 9 Jul at VECCI Albert St): Sabine Kasel (DFES)

Sub-project B

  • Field Meetings (Thu, Fri 10-11 Sep): Sabine Kasel, Sonu Singh & Gregor Sanders (DFES), Stephanie Spry (DSE), various landholders
  • Field Meeting (Tue 22 Sep): Sonu Singh & Gregor Sanders (DFES), various landholders

Seminars/Workshops/Conference presentations

  • Bennett LT (seminar) Are there public benefits in changing soil health?. DFES/ DSE Seminar series, VECCI, Albert St, East Melbourne, 28 July 2009.
  • Kasel S, Meers TL (oral presentation) Seed traits predict rehabilitation needs of former pine plantations across south-eastern Australia. SERI 2009 World Conference on Ecological Restoration, Perth, Western Australia, 23-27 August 2009.
  • Baral H, Kasel S, Keenan R, Fox J, Stork N (poster) Mapping and Valuation of Ecosystem Services for Forest Restoration Planning and Assessment: Lessons from the Lower Glenelg Basin, Victoria, Australia. SERI 2009 World Conference on Ecological Restoration, Perth, Western Australia, 23-27 August 2009.
  • Bennett LT, Kasel S, Weston M (poster) Embedding research plots in agricultural landscape restoration. SERI 2009 World Conference on Ecological Restoration, Perth, Western Australia, 23-27 August 2009.
  • Baral H, Kasel S, Keenan RJ, Fox J, Stork N (oral presentation) GIS-based classification, mapping and valuation of ecosystem services in production landscapes: A case study of the Green Triangle region of south-eastern Australia. IFA 2009, Forestry: A climate of change, Caloundra, Qld., 6-10 September 2009.

Teaching

  • Lauren Bennett, Sabine Kasel: Master of Forest and Ecosystem Science subject ‘Forest Landscape Restoration’ (co-ordination and teaching of 2-week block course involving 24 hrs lectures and 36 hrs practical work; 24 students)
  • Sabine Kasel: Master of Forest and Ecosystem Science subject ‘Silviculture and Forest Dynamics’ (1.5 hrs lectures; 9 students)
  • Sabine Kasel: Third year Natural Resource Management subject ‘Revegetation and Landscape Restoration’ (teaching of second semester course involving 12 hrs lectures and 9 hrs practical work; 28 students)
  • Sabine Kasel: Supervision of third year student industry project ‘Revegetation and Land Management Plan for Remnant Grey-Box Woodland, Devenish, Victoria’

Total project outputs

2009/2010 Milestones
  • Presentation of conceptual framework for understanding public benefits of improved soil health (seminar July 2009)
  • Establish field sites for soil/ plant interactions in older restoration sites
  • Soil condition before restoration plantings - complete physico-chemical analysis of soils and identification of plants from long-term restoration research site
  • Prepare and submit manuscript to DSE and peer-reviewed journal on conceptual framework for understanding public benefits of improved soil health
  • Soil/ plant interactions in older restoration sites - complete soil analysis and measurement of plant functional traits from a range of older restoration sites
  • Submit manuscript submitted to DSE and peer-reviewed journal on soil/plant interactions in older restoration sites


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Contact

Dr Lauren Bennett
Department of Forest & Ecosystem Science
Melbourne School of Land and Environment
University of Melbourne
Water St, Creswick, Victoria, Australia, 3363
Phone: +61 (0) 3 5321 4192
Fax: +61 (0) 3 5321 4166
E-mail: ltb@unimelb.edu.au

 

 

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